“Foundation models for science” are AI models that can solve a range of scientific problems within one or more science domains. They typically refer large models that take scientific data, not human language, as input and produce some output.
I’ll put examples of foundation models for science here as I find them.
“Frontier models for science” is a term made up by FASST. I’m not sure if it is meant to be different from foundation models for science.
Example models
| Model | Creator | Year | Domain | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORBIT | ORNL | 2024 | Climate | 113 billion |
| Aurora | Microsoft | 2024 | Climate | 1.3 billion |
There’s also a paper where the authors “advocate for developing [foundation models] for power grids”1 but it doesn’t actually present a trained model.