Microsoft is not very secretive about its infrastructure, but finding public information and stitching it together is not always straightforward. For now, here are a bunch of links to helpful information.

Physical infrastructure

Microsoft both leases and owns the datacenters in which Azure is deployed.1

Azure Networking

Azure’s frontend network is documented here: Azure network architecture

Security

The physical security of Azure datacenters is documented here: Physical security of Azure datacenters

Logical infrastructure

Azure uses a Windows-based hypervisor.

Security

The security features of the Azure platform are documented here: Azure platform integrity and security. There are subpages that document:

  • Host attestation
  • Where encryption is implemented

Multitenancy

Related to security, Azure’s protections in multitenant environments (e.g., Coke and Pepsi both using the same physical server or storage cluster) are documented here: Isolation in the Azure Public Cloud

Footnotes

  1. Datacenter architecture and infrastructure | Microsoft Learn